This handbook compiles the experiences of national movements for quality and productivity improvement (KAIZEN) in selected countries in Asia and Africa (Japan, Singapore, Burkina Faso, and Botswana), to contribute to the ongoing efforts by the Ethiopian government to disseminate, scale-up, and institutionalize KAIZEN. It is one of the outputs of the Ethiopia-Japan industrial policy dialogue, jointly conducted by JICA and GRIPS Development Forum. The handbook discusses why national movements are needed in countries which lack private sector dynamism. It then analyzes the factors essential for successful national movements and the lessons learned from cross-cutting perspectives. While a KAIZEN national movement can be effective to change popular mindset toward hard work, team work and creativity, there is a need for the government to make a conscious policy effort to orchestrate a national movement by involving the entire population and driving the transformation of their attitudes. For those interested in KAIZEN, please also see the other publication by GRIPS Development Forum, Introducing KAIZEN in Africa.