While serious problems remain, Vietnam's social indicators have shown significant improvements over the last few decades. Although the secondary school enrolment declined from 1985 to 1990 (which was a very difficult period for the country), it resumed its climb in the 1990s. Undoubtedly, the strong growth driven by doi moi reform and external opening contributed. Liberalization and opening are known to bring social change and new problems (such as crime, corruption and school dropouts for economic reasons), but the statistics show that these negative forces did not prevent social improvements at the national level.